Acknowledgments
Resources
Critical Thinking by Dinesh Ramoo has been created from a combination of original content and materials compiled and adapted from several open-text publications, including:
Chapter 1
- An Introduction to Philosophy, by W. Russ Payne (2015), BC Campus, is used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license.
- Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science. by Hakob Barseghyan, Nicholas Overgaard, & Gregory Rupik (2018), Open Library, eCampus Ontario, is used under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Chapter 2
- Absolute knowledge. In Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science (Barseghyan, Overgaard & Rupik, 2018), Open Library, eCampus Ontario is used under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Chapter 3
- Research Methods in Psychology (4th ed.) by Rajiv S. Jhangiani, I-Chant A. Chiang, Carrie Cuttler; and Dana C. Leighton (2019), Kwantlen Polytechnic University is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
- From the “replicability crisis” to open science practices. In Research Methods in Psychology – 2nd Canadian Editionby I-Chant A. Chiang; Rajiv S. Jhangiani; and Paul C. Price is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
- 1.1 Psychology as a science. In Psychology – 1st Canadian Edition by Sally Walters (2020), Thompson Rivers University is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
https://psychology.pressbooks.tru.ca/chapter/1-1-psychology-as-a-science/ - Absolute knowledge. In Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science (Barseghyan, Overgaard & Rupik, 2018), Open Library, eCampus Ontario is used under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Chapter 4
- “1.1 Psychology as a Science” in Psychology – 1st Canadian Edition (Walters, 2020), via Thompson Rivers University is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
- Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking by Matthew J. Van Cleave (2016), B.C. Open Collection is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Chapter 5
- Chapter “12. Analyzing the Data” in Research Methods in Psychology by Jhangiani et al. (2019), via Kwantlen Polytechnic University is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
- Chapter “3. Scientific Method” in Introduction to History and Philosophy of Science by Barseghyan et al. (2018), via eCampusOntario, is used under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Chapter 6
- Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition by Jhiangiani et al. (2019), via Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Chapter 7
- Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition by Jhiangiani et al. (2019), via Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Chapter 8
- Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition by Jhiangiani et al. (2019), via Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Chapter 9
- Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition by Jhiangiani et al. (2019), via Kwantlen Polytechnic University, is used under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
Chapter 10
- Research Methods in Psychology, 4th edition by Jhiangiani et al. (2019)
- 2.3 Analyzing Findings, In Psychology 2e by Rose M. Spielman, William J. Jenkins, & Marilyn D. Lovett (2020), is used under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Chapter 11
- Principles of Social Psychology (1st International H5P Edition) by Dr. Rajiv Jhangiani and Dr. Hammond Tarry (2022), BCcampus, is adapted under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
The Open Press

The Open Press combines TRU’s open platforms and expertise in learning design and open resource development. TRU Open Press supports the creation and reuse of open educational resources, while encouraging open scholarship and research.
Land Acknowledgement
Thompson Rivers University (TRU) campuses are situated on the ancestral lands of the Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc and the T’exelc within Secwepemcúl’ecw, the ancestral and unceded territory of the Secwépemc. The rich tapestry of this land also encompasses the territories of the St’át’imc, Nlaka’pamux, Tŝilhqot’in, Nuxalk, and Dakelh. Recognizing the deep histories and ongoing presence of these Indigenous peoples, we express gratitude for the wisdom held by this land. TRU is dedicated to fostering an inclusive and respectful environment, valuing education as a shared journey. TRU Open Press, inspired by collaborative learning on this land, upholds open principles and accessible education, nurturing respectful, reciprocal relationships through the shared exchange of knowledge across generations and communities.
Resource Development Team 2024
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Authors: Dinesh Ramoo, PhD, FHEA Publishing Manager: Dani Collins, MEd |
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